WHT IS "NMAP" ? INFORMATION FOR "NMAP".

By Rahul RahulspotPertner
WHAT IS Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanner created by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym Fyodor Vaskovich). Nmap is used to discover hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing the responses

Nmap is a Network maping tools. 
Original 
 author(s)		Gordon Lyon (Fyodor)
Initial releaseSeptember 1997; 25 years ago
Stable
 Release		7.92 / 7 August 2021; 12 months ago
Repository
  •  
Written inC, C++, Python, Lua
Operating SystemCross-platform
Available inEnglish 
TypeNetwork security 
LicenseNPSL or modified GPLv2 or proprietary
Websitenmap.org



Nmap provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating  system detection. These features are extensible by scripts that provide more advanced service detection, vulnerability detection, and other features. Nmap can adapt to network conditions including latency  and  congestion a scan.

Nmap started as a Linux utility and was ported to other systems including Windows, macOS, and BDS. It is most popular on Linux, followed by Windows.


Port States in Nmap

           State                                                                                              Description                                  

Open            ---------                                                Accepting Connection   requests

                                                                                                                                                                      

Closed             ----                                                         No Service responding  to requests

                                                                                                                                                                      

Filtered            ----                                                                           Blocked by a firewall

                                                                                                                                                                   

Unfiltered      ------                                      Accessible, But scanner   was unable to determine  Whether                                                                        open or closed.

                                                                                                                                                                    


 How does Nmap work?
         The heart of Nmap is port scanning. How it works is that users designate a list of targets on a network that they want to learn information about. Users don’t need to identify specific targets, which is good because most administrators don’t have a complete picture of everything that is using the potentially thousands of ports on their network. Instead, they compile a range of ports to scan.
       It’s also possible to scan all network ports, although that would potentially take a lot of time and eat up quite a bit of available bandwidth. Plus, depending on the type of passive defenses that are in use on the network, such a massive port scan would likely trigger security alerts. As such, most people use Nmap in more limited deployments or divide different parts of their network up for scheduled scanning over time.
           In addition to setting up a range targets to be scanned, users can also control the depth of each scan. For example, a light or limited scan might return information about which ports are open and which have been closed by firewall settings. More detailed scans could additionally capture information about what kind of devices are using those ports, the operating systems they are running and even the services that are active on them. Nmap can also discover deeper information, like the version of those discovered services. That makes it a perfect tool for finding vulnerabilities or assisting with patch management efforts.
         Controlling the scans used to require console commands, which of course means that some training was required. But the new Zenmap graphical interface makes it easy for just about everyone to tell Nmap what they want it to discover, with or without formal training. Meanwhile, professionals can continue to use the console commands they always have, making it a useful tool for both experts and novices alike.


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